
attenuated
词源
源自拉丁语 'attenuatus'(过去分词形式),由 'ad-'(向)和 'tenuare'(使变薄)组成,16世纪进入英语。
adjective
❶ 指物质、力量或效果被减弱或稀释的状态,常用于描述病毒、信号或光线等物理量的强度降低。
“The doctor used an attenuated virus to create the vaccine.”
(医生使用减毒病毒来制作疫苗。)
“The radio signal became attenuated as we drove further from the station.”
(随着我们驶离电台,无线电信号逐渐减弱。)
❶ 形容人或事物变得虚弱、瘦弱或缺乏活力的状态。
“After the long illness, his body appeared attenuated.”
(久病之后,他的身体显得瘦弱不堪。)
“The attenuated branches could barely support the weight of the fruit.”
(细弱的树枝几乎无法承受果实的重量。)
verb
❶ 使某物变弱、变细或效果降低的动作,常用于科学、医学或技术领域。
“The filter attenuated the harsh glare of the sunlight.”
(滤镜减弱了刺眼的阳光。)
“Scientists attenuated the virus to make it safe for vaccination.”
(科学家们将病毒减毒以用于安全接种。)
常见短语
attenuated vaccine — 指通过人工处理使病原体毒性减弱的疫苗,能激发免疫反应但不会致病。
“The measles vaccine is an example of an attenuated vaccine.”
(麻疹疫苗就是减毒疫苗的一个例子。)
attenuated total reflection — 光谱学技术,通过测量衰减的全反射来分析材料表面特性。
“ATR spectroscopy is useful for analyzing thin films and surfaces.”
(衰减全反射光谱技术可用于分析薄膜和表面特性。)