
ballast
词源
源自中古低地德语 'ballast' 或古北欧语 'barlast'(字面意思为'单纯的负载'),16世纪进入英语。
noun
❶ 压载物,指船舶、气球或车辆中用于增加重量以保持平衡或稳定的重物,如沙石、水或金属块。
“The ship took on ballast to stabilize itself in rough seas.”
(船只装载压载物以在汹涌的海面上保持稳定。)
“They used sand as ballast in the hot air balloon.”
(他们在热气球中使用沙子作为压载物。)
❶ (铁路)道碴,铺在铁轨下的碎石或砾石,用于分散压力、排水和固定轨道。
“Workers replaced the old ballast on the railway tracks.”
(工人们更换了铁轨下的旧道碴。)
“The ballast helps to keep the tracks in place.”
(道碴有助于固定铁轨位置。)
verb
❶ 给(船只、车辆等)装载压载物以增加稳定性或调整浮力。
“The crew ballasted the ship before the storm.”
(船员在风暴前为船只装载了压载物。)
“They ballasted the truck to improve traction.”
(他们给卡车装载压载物以提高牵引力。)
常见短语
in ballast — 指船只仅装载压载物而未载货的状态,通常用于描述空载航行。
“The tanker returned to port in ballast after delivering its cargo.”
(油轮在卸货后空载返回港口。)
ballast tank — 压载舱,船舶中专门用于存放压载水的隔舱,可通过注排水调节船只平衡。
“The captain ordered the ballast tanks to be filled to correct the ship's tilt.”
(船长下令注满压载舱以纠正船只倾斜。)