好词典

caste

UK //kɑːst//US //kæst//

词源

源自16世纪葡萄牙语'casta'(种族、血统),可能来自拉丁语'castus'(纯洁的),反映了种姓制度对血统纯度的重视。

noun

❶ 指印度教社会中按出身划分的严格等级制度,不同种姓之间通常禁止通婚或改变身份。

“The caste system in India has existed for thousands of years.”

(印度的种姓制度已存在数千年。)

“He was born into the highest priestly caste.”

(他出生于最高等级的祭司种姓。)

❶ 泛指任何严格的社会阶层或封闭群体,强调成员身份由出身决定且难以改变。

“The military was like a closed caste in that country.”

(在那个国家,军队如同封闭的特权阶层。)

“Corporate executives formed an economic caste of their own.”

(企业高管们形成了自己的经济特权阶层。)

同义词:class, stratum, hierarchy, social order

常见短语

caste system — 特指印度教社会的种姓制度,也用于比喻任何严格的等级划分体系。

“The caste system divides people into Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras.”

(种姓制度将人分为婆罗门、刹帝利、吠舍和首陀罗。)

lower caste — 指种姓制度中地位较低的群体,常面临系统性歧视。

“Lower caste children often have limited access to education.”

(低种姓儿童通常难以获得教育机会。)