
counterfactual
词源
源自拉丁语 'contra'(相反)和 'factum'(事实),通过英语词缀 '-al' 构成形容词形式,最早记录于1946年。
adjective
❶ 指与事实相反或假设的情况,常用于描述未发生但可能发生的场景,用于逻辑推理或假设分析。
“She often thinks about counterfactual scenarios where she made different choices.”
(她经常思考如果当初做出不同选择会怎样的假设情景。)
“The study used counterfactual analysis to estimate the policy's impact.”
(该研究使用反事实分析来评估政策的影响。)
noun
❶ 指与已知事实相反的假设性陈述或情境,常用于哲学、经济学和心理学等领域。
“The philosopher discussed the nature of counterfactuals in causal inference.”
(这位哲学家讨论了因果推理中反事实陈述的本质。)
“Economists often construct counterfactuals to test theories.”
(经济学家经常构建反事实情境来检验理论。)
常见短语
counterfactual conditional — 一种条件语句,其前提与已知事实相反,常用于逻辑和语言学分析。
“"If I had left earlier, I wouldn't have missed the train" is a counterfactual conditional.”
("如果我早点出发就不会错过火车"是一个反事实条件句。)
counterfactual thinking — 心理学术语,指人们想象与现实不同的替代情景的思维过程。
“Counterfactual thinking can lead to both regret and motivation for improvement.”
(反事实思维既可能导致后悔,也能激发改进的动力。)