好词典

depolarization

UK //ˌdiː.pəʊ.lə.raɪˈzeɪ.ʃən//US //ˌdiː.poʊ.lɚ.əˈzeɪ.ʃən//

词源

源自法语 'dépolarisation'(1838年),由前缀 de-(表示'去除') + polarization(极化)构成,最初用于光学领域,后扩展至生理学。

noun

❶ 指细胞膜电位从负值向正值变化的过程,常见于神经或肌肉细胞的电信号传递中。

“The depolarization of the neuron triggers an action potential.”

(神经元的去极化会触发动作电位。)

“Rapid depolarization occurs during the contraction of heart muscles.”

(心肌收缩时会发生快速去极化。)

❶ 在物理学中,指消除或减少偏振光偏振状态的过程。

“The depolarization of light occurs when it passes through a scattering medium.”

(光通过散射介质时会发生去偏振现象。)

“This material causes significant depolarization of the laser beam.”

(这种材料会导致激光束显著去偏振。)

同义词:reduction of polarization, loss of polarity, neutralization

常见短语

membrane depolarization — 特指细胞膜电位的去极化过程,是神经信号传递的关键步骤。

“Membrane depolarization precedes the release of neurotransmitters.”

(膜去极化发生在神经递质释放之前。)

depolarization block — 指持续去极化导致的神经肌肉传导阻滞现象。

“Succinylcholine can cause a depolarization block at the neuromuscular junction.”

(琥珀胆碱可在神经肌肉接头处引起去极化阻滞。)