
depolarization
词源
源自法语 'dépolarisation'(1838年),由前缀 de-(表示'去除') + polarization(极化)构成,最初用于光学领域,后扩展至生理学。
noun
❶ 指细胞膜电位从负值向正值变化的过程,常见于神经或肌肉细胞的电信号传递中。
“The depolarization of the neuron triggers an action potential.”
(神经元的去极化会触发动作电位。)
“Rapid depolarization occurs during the contraction of heart muscles.”
(心肌收缩时会发生快速去极化。)
❶ 在物理学中,指消除或减少偏振光偏振状态的过程。
“The depolarization of light occurs when it passes through a scattering medium.”
(光通过散射介质时会发生去偏振现象。)
“This material causes significant depolarization of the laser beam.”
(这种材料会导致激光束显著去偏振。)
常见短语
membrane depolarization — 特指细胞膜电位的去极化过程,是神经信号传递的关键步骤。
“Membrane depolarization precedes the release of neurotransmitters.”
(膜去极化发生在神经递质释放之前。)
depolarization block — 指持续去极化导致的神经肌肉传导阻滞现象。
“Succinylcholine can cause a depolarization block at the neuromuscular junction.”
(琥珀胆碱可在神经肌肉接头处引起去极化阻滞。)