dystonia

UK //dɪsˈtəʊnɪə//US //dɪsˈtoʊniə//

词源

源自希腊语 dys-（异常） + tonos（张力），1908年由德国神经学家首次提出。

❶ 肌张力障碍，一种神经系统疾病，表现为肌肉不自主收缩导致异常姿势或重复动作，常见于颈部、面部或四肢。

“The patient was diagnosed with cervical dystonia, causing his head to twist involuntarily.”

（患者被诊断为颈部肌张力障碍，导致头部不自主扭转。）

“Botulinum toxin injections can temporarily relieve symptoms of dystonia.”

（肉毒杆菌毒素注射可暂时缓解肌张力障碍症状。）

同义词:muscle spasm disorder, involuntary movement disorder, neuromuscular dysfunction

focal dystonia — 局灶性肌张力障碍，指仅影响身体特定部位（如眼睑、手部或声带）的肌张力障碍类型。

“The pianist had to stop performing due to focal dystonia in her right hand.”

（这位钢琴家因右手局灶性肌张力障碍不得不停止演出。）

dopa-responsive dystonia — 多巴反应性肌张力障碍，一种罕见遗传病，症状可通过左旋多巴药物治疗显著改善。

“Children with dopa-responsive dystonia often show dramatic improvement with medication.”

（患多巴反应性肌张力障碍的儿童用药后症状通常显著改善。）