好词典
foul
UK //faʊl//US //faʊl//
词源
源自中古英语 'foul'，古英语 'fūl'，与古高地德语 'fūl' 和古诺尔斯语 'fúll' 同源，原意为'腐烂的、肮脏的'。
adjective
❶ 形容气味、味道或空气等令人不快的、难闻的，常指因腐烂或污染导致的恶臭。
“There was a foul smell coming from the kitchen.”
（厨房里传来一股难闻的气味。）
“The water in the pond was foul and undrinkable.”
（池塘里的水又脏又臭，不能饮用。）
❶ 形容行为、语言等恶劣的、不道德的，常指违反规则或令人厌恶的行为。
“He was penalized for using foul language during the game.”
（他因为在比赛中使用粗俗语言而被处罚。）
“The politician was accused of foul play in the election.”
（这位政治家被指控在选举中舞弊。）
同义词:disgusting, offensive, unpleasant, dirty, corrupt
verb
❶ 指在体育比赛中违反规则，通常导致判罚或给对方机会。
“The player fouled his opponent and received a yellow card.”
（这名球员对对手犯规，被出示黄牌。）
“He was fouled in the penalty area and earned a free kick.”
（他在禁区内被犯规，获得了一次任意球机会。）
❶ 指弄脏或污染某物，使其变得不干净或无法使用。
“The oil spill fouled the coastline.”
（石油泄漏污染了海岸线。）
“The bird fouled the statue with its droppings.”
（鸟的粪便弄脏了雕像。）
同义词:contaminate, pollute, soil, tarnish, violate
noun
❶ 在体育比赛中违反规则的行为，通常会导致对方获得优势或罚球机会。
“The referee blew the whistle for a foul.”
（裁判吹哨判罚犯规。）
“He committed a foul in the last minute of the game.”
（他在比赛最后一分钟犯规了。）
同义词:infraction, violation, offense, misconduct, breach
常见短语
foul play — 指不正当或非法的行为，常用于描述犯罪或欺骗行为。
“The police suspected foul play in his sudden disappearance.”
（警方怀疑他的突然失踪与犯罪行为有关。）
cry foul — 抱怨或抗议不公正的行为，通常用于表达对不公平待遇的不满。
“The opposition party cried foul over the election results.”
（反对党对选举结果表示抗议，认为存在不公。）
foul mood — 形容某人心情极差，容易发怒或情绪低落的状态。
“He's been in a foul mood all day after the argument.”
（争吵之后，他一整天都心情很差。）
foul weather — 指恶劣的天气条件，如暴风雨、大雪等不适合外出的天气。
“The flight was delayed due to foul weather.”
（由于天气恶劣，航班延误了。）