好词典

hypertonic

UK //ˌhaɪ.pəˈtɒn.ɪk//US //ˌhaɪ.pɚˈtɑː.nɪk//

词源

源自希腊语 'hyper-'(超过) + 'tonos'(张力),1890年代首次用于生理学描述。

adjective

❶ 指溶液浓度高于另一种溶液或细胞内液,导致水分从低浓度区域向高浓度区域渗透。常用于生物学和医学领域。

“A hypertonic solution causes cells to shrink as water moves out.”

(高渗溶液会导致细胞收缩,因为水分向外移动。)

“Doctors use hypertonic saline to reduce brain swelling.”

(医生使用高渗盐水来减轻脑肿胀。)

❶ 形容肌肉张力异常增高,表现为僵硬或过度紧张的状态。主要用于医学描述。

“The patient showed hypertonic muscle responses after the stroke.”

(中风后患者表现出肌肉张力亢进的症状。)

“Hypertonic bladder causes frequent urination urges.”

(高张力膀胱会导致尿频。)

同义词:concentrated, high-tonicity, high-osmolarity

常见短语

hypertonic solution — 指溶质浓度高于参照溶液(如细胞质)的液体,会导致渗透压差和水分移动。

“Marine fish cannot survive in hypertonic freshwater.”

(海水鱼无法在高渗的淡水中生存。)

hypertonic contraction — 肌肉在保持长度不变的情况下张力异常增加的状态,常见于病理情况。

“The hypertonic contraction made her arm stiff and painful.”

(高张力收缩使她的手臂僵硬疼痛。)