
privateers
词源
源自private(私人的) + -eer(从事...的人),17世纪通过法语「privatier」从荷兰语「vrijbuiter」(自由掠夺者)演变而来。
noun
❶ 指历史上由政府授权在战时攻击敌方商船或战舰的私人船只及其船员,类似合法海盗,掠夺所得需与政府分成。
“British privateers captured dozens of Spanish ships during the war.”
(战争期间英国私掠船俘获了数十艘西班牙船只。)
“The privateers were given letters of marque by the queen.”
(这些私掠船持有女王颁发的捕押特许状。)
❶ 现代引申为受雇于企业或政府执行特殊任务(如网络安全攻击)的私人团队,带有非官方行动的意味。
“Some tech companies hire privateers to test their systems' vulnerabilities.”
(某些科技公司雇佣私人团队测试系统漏洞。)
“These digital privateers operate in a legal gray area.”
(这些数字私掠者在法律灰色地带活动。)
verb
❶ 作为私掠船行动,特指在政府授权下对敌方船只进行劫掠的行为。
“The captain privateered under the Dutch flag during the conflict.”
(冲突期间该船长悬挂荷兰旗帜进行私掠活动。)
“Many sailors preferred privateering to joining the navy.”
(许多水手更愿意从事私掠而非加入海军。)
常见短语
letter of marque (and reprisal) — 政府颁发给私掠船的合法劫掠许可证,允许其攻击指定国家的船只。
“The privateer proudly displayed his letter of marque from the king.”
(私掠船长骄傲地展示国王颁发的捕押特许状。)
privateer's bounty — 指私掠船船员从劫掠中分得的战利品份额,通常按职位高低分配。
“The crew mutinied when the captain took more than his share of the privateer's bounty.”
(当船长私吞超过应得的战利品份额时,船员发动了叛变。)