
rough
词源
源自中古英语 'rough',来自古英语 'rūh',与古高地德语 'rūh' 和古诺尔斯语 'rúgr' 同源,意为'粗糙的'或'多毛的'。
adjective
❶ 形容物体表面不平滑、粗糙或有颗粒感,常用于描述材质或触感。
“The surface of the stone is very rough.”
(这块石头的表面非常粗糙。)
“His hands were rough from years of hard work.”
(他因多年辛苦劳作,双手变得粗糙。)
❶ 形容行为或态度粗鲁、不礼貌,缺乏细致或温和。
“He has a rough way of speaking, but he means well.”
(他说话方式粗鲁,但本意是好的。)
“The kids were playing rough and broke the vase.”
(孩子们玩得太粗暴,把花瓶打碎了。)
❶ 形容事物不精确、不完善或未经加工,处于初步或原始状态。
“This is just a rough draft of my essay.”
(这只是我文章的初稿。)
“He gave a rough estimate of the cost.”
(他给出了一个大概的成本估算。)
noun
❶ 指粗糙或不规则的部分,如高尔夫球场的长草区或未加工的材料。
“His ball landed in the rough, making it hard to hit.”
(他的球落在了长草区,很难击打。)
“The sculptor started with a block of rough stone.”
(雕塑家从一块粗糙的石头开始创作。)
verb
❶ 使某物变得粗糙或不规则,或粗暴地对待某人或某物。
“He roughed up the surface with sandpaper.”
(他用砂纸把表面磨粗糙。)
“The storm roughed the sea, making sailing dangerous.”
(暴风雨使海面变得波涛汹涌,航行变得危险。)
常见短语
rough it — 忍受简陋或不舒适的条件,通常指在野外或旅行中。
“We decided to rough it and camp in the woods without any modern amenities.”
(我们决定忍受简陋条件,在树林里露营,没有任何现代设施。)
rough around the edges — 形容某人或某物虽然不完美或未经雕琢,但有潜力或魅力。
“He's a bit rough around the edges, but he's a talented musician.”
(他有点粗犷不羁,但很有音乐才华。)
rough and ready — 形容某物简单实用但不精致,或某人行动迅速但不够细致。
“Their solution was rough and ready, but it got the job done.”
(他们的解决方案简单实用,但完成了任务。)