好词典

ruff

UK /rʌf/US /rʌf/

词源

源自中古英语 'roff',可能来自古法语 'rufe'(粗糙的),最终源自拉丁语 'rufus'(红色的)。服饰意义的用法最早记录于1520年代。

noun

❶ 指一种环绕颈部的装饰性褶皱领,常见于16-17世纪欧洲贵族服饰中,由亚麻或蕾丝制成。

“The portrait shows Queen Elizabeth I wearing an elaborate ruff.”

(这幅画像中的伊丽莎白一世女王戴着精致的褶皱领。)

“Ruffs were symbols of high social status in Renaissance Europe.”

(褶皱领在文艺复兴时期的欧洲是高社会地位的象征。)

❶ 鸟类或动物颈部的一圈特别长或浓密的羽毛或毛发。

“The male peacock displays its magnificent ruff during courtship.”

(雄性孔雀在求偶时会展示它华丽的颈羽。)

“The ruff on this breed of dog helps protect its neck from cold weather.”

(这种狗的颈毛有助于在寒冷天气保护它的脖子。)

同义词:frill, collar, neckpiece, mane, feather collar

verb

❶ 在牌戏中,特别是指欧伯尔牌戏中,通过出王牌来胜过对手的牌。

“She ruffed her opponent's ace with the king of trumps.”

(她用王牌K胜过对手的A。)

“In bridge, knowing when to ruff can be a key strategy.”

(在桥牌中,知道何时出王牌可能是关键策略。)

同义词:trump, overtrump

常见短语

ruff it — 在牌戏中通过出王牌赢得一墩牌,或在非正式语境中表示粗暴对待某物。

“Don't ruff it too hard or you'll bend the cards.”

(不要太过用力出牌,否则会折坏牌。)