好词典

scratch

UK /skrætʃ/US /skrætʃ/

词源

源自中古英语 'scracchen',可能来自原始日耳曼语,与古诺尔斯语 'skrækja'(尖叫)有关,模仿刮擦声的拟声词。

verb

❶ 用指甲或尖锐物体在表面刮擦,通常是为了止痒或留下痕迹。也可指意外地刮伤某物表面。

“The cat scratched the sofa with its claws.”

(猫用爪子抓挠沙发。)

“Don't scratch the mosquito bite or it will get worse.”

(别挠蚊子咬的地方,否则会更严重。)

❶ 艰难地获取或完成某事,常指勉强达到目标或标准。

“We barely scratched together enough money for rent.”

(我们勉强凑够了房租的钱。)

“The team scratched out a victory in the last minute.”

(球队在最后一分钟勉强获胜。)

同义词:scrape, claw, graze, rub, itch

noun

❶ 物体表面因刮擦留下的痕迹或伤口。也指临时或匆忙完成的事物。

“There's a deep scratch on my new car.”

(我的新车上有一道很深的刮痕。)

“The doctor said the scratch on my arm would heal quickly.”

(医生说手臂上的抓伤很快就会痊愈。)

同义词:mark, scar, gouge, abrasion, nick

常见短语

start from scratch — 从零开始,没有任何基础或准备的情况下重新开始做某事。

“After the fire destroyed everything, they had to start their business from scratch.”

(大火烧毁一切后,他们不得不从零开始重建生意。)

scratch the surface — 只触及问题的表面,没有深入探究或解决核心问题。

“Our research has only scratched the surface of this complex issue.”

(我们的研究仅仅触及了这个复杂问题的表面。)