
scratch
词源
源自中古英语 'scracchen',可能来自原始日耳曼语,与古诺尔斯语 'skrækja'(尖叫)有关,模仿刮擦声的拟声词。
verb
❶ 用指甲或尖锐物体在表面刮擦,通常是为了止痒或留下痕迹。也可指意外地刮伤某物表面。
“The cat scratched the sofa with its claws.”
(猫用爪子抓挠沙发。)
“Don't scratch the mosquito bite or it will get worse.”
(别挠蚊子咬的地方,否则会更严重。)
❶ 艰难地获取或完成某事,常指勉强达到目标或标准。
“We barely scratched together enough money for rent.”
(我们勉强凑够了房租的钱。)
“The team scratched out a victory in the last minute.”
(球队在最后一分钟勉强获胜。)
noun
❶ 物体表面因刮擦留下的痕迹或伤口。也指临时或匆忙完成的事物。
“There's a deep scratch on my new car.”
(我的新车上有一道很深的刮痕。)
“The doctor said the scratch on my arm would heal quickly.”
(医生说手臂上的抓伤很快就会痊愈。)
常见短语
start from scratch — 从零开始,没有任何基础或准备的情况下重新开始做某事。
“After the fire destroyed everything, they had to start their business from scratch.”
(大火烧毁一切后,他们不得不从零开始重建生意。)
scratch the surface — 只触及问题的表面,没有深入探究或解决核心问题。
“Our research has only scratched the surface of this complex issue.”
(我们的研究仅仅触及了这个复杂问题的表面。)