好词典

stiff

UK //stɪf//US //stɪf//

词源

源自古英语 stīf,与古诺尔斯语 stífr 同源,原意与“刚性”“坚硬”相关,16世纪开始引申出“拘谨”的含义。

adjective

❶ 形容物体坚硬不易弯曲,或身体部位因紧张、寒冷等变得不灵活。也用于形容态度或行为过于正式、不自然。

“The cardboard was too stiff to fold easily.”

(纸板太硬了,不容易折叠。)

“After sitting for hours, my neck felt stiff.”

(坐了几个小时后,我的脖子感觉僵硬。)

❶ 形容液体浓稠不易流动,或混合物难以搅拌。

“The batter should be stiff enough to hold its shape.”

(面糊应该足够稠,能保持形状。)

“Add more flour if the dough is too sticky and not stiff.”

(如果面团太黏不够硬,就再加些面粉。)

同义词:rigid, inflexible, firm, unyielding, starched

noun

❶ 指尸体(非正式用法),或指过于拘谨的人。

“The detective examined the stiff in the morgue.”

(侦探在停尸房检查了那具尸体。)

“Don't be such a stiff—try to relax and have fun!”

(别这么古板,试着放松点玩得开心些!)

同义词:corpse, cadaver, prig, stick-in-the-mud

verb

❶ 指未能给予足够小费或报酬(非正式用法),或使某物变硬。

“He stiffed the waiter by leaving no tip.”

(他没给小费,亏待了服务员。)

“The company stiffed its workers on overtime pay.”

(公司克扣了工人的加班费。)

同义词:cheat, shortchange, harden, solidify

常见短语

stiff upper lip — 形容面对困难时保持坚强和不露情绪的态度,源自英国文化传统。

“Despite the pain, he kept a stiff upper lip during the ceremony.”

(尽管很痛苦,他在仪式上仍保持着坚强的表情。)

stiff competition — 指非常激烈、难以应对的竞争环境。

“Our product faces stiff competition from cheaper imports.”

(我们的产品面临着来自廉价进口商品的激烈竞争。)