
stiff
词源
源自古英语 stīf,与古诺尔斯语 stífr 同源,原意与“刚性”“坚硬”相关,16世纪开始引申出“拘谨”的含义。
adjective
❶ 形容物体坚硬不易弯曲,或身体部位因紧张、寒冷等变得不灵活。也用于形容态度或行为过于正式、不自然。
“The cardboard was too stiff to fold easily.”
(纸板太硬了,不容易折叠。)
“After sitting for hours, my neck felt stiff.”
(坐了几个小时后,我的脖子感觉僵硬。)
❶ 形容液体浓稠不易流动,或混合物难以搅拌。
“The batter should be stiff enough to hold its shape.”
(面糊应该足够稠,能保持形状。)
“Add more flour if the dough is too sticky and not stiff.”
(如果面团太黏不够硬,就再加些面粉。)
noun
❶ 指尸体(非正式用法),或指过于拘谨的人。
“The detective examined the stiff in the morgue.”
(侦探在停尸房检查了那具尸体。)
“Don't be such a stiff—try to relax and have fun!”
(别这么古板,试着放松点玩得开心些!)
verb
❶ 指未能给予足够小费或报酬(非正式用法),或使某物变硬。
“He stiffed the waiter by leaving no tip.”
(他没给小费,亏待了服务员。)
“The company stiffed its workers on overtime pay.”
(公司克扣了工人的加班费。)
常见短语
stiff upper lip — 形容面对困难时保持坚强和不露情绪的态度,源自英国文化传统。
“Despite the pain, he kept a stiff upper lip during the ceremony.”
(尽管很痛苦,他在仪式上仍保持着坚强的表情。)
stiff competition — 指非常激烈、难以应对的竞争环境。
“Our product faces stiff competition from cheaper imports.”
(我们的产品面临着来自廉价进口商品的激烈竞争。)