好词典

toynbee

UK //ˈtɔɪnbi//US //ˈtɔɪnbi//

词源

源自英国历史学家阿诺德·汤因比(Arnold Joseph Toynbee, 1889–1975)的姓氏。

noun

❶ 指英国历史学家阿诺德·汤因比(Arnold Toynbee),以其对文明发展的研究闻名。

“Toynbee's theories on the rise and fall of civilizations are widely studied.”

(汤因比关于文明兴衰的理论被广泛研究。)

“Many scholars reference Toynbee's work in their historical analyses.”

(许多学者在他们的历史分析中引用汤因比的著作。)

同义词:Arnold Toynbee, historian, civilization theorist

常见短语

Toynbee's theory — 指汤因比提出的关于文明发展的理论,尤其强调挑战与回应的模式。

“Toynbee's theory suggests that civilizations thrive when they creatively respond to challenges.”

(汤因比的理论认为,当文明创造性地应对挑战时,它们会蓬勃发展。)